Peran Lingkungan Belajar Dalam Mendukung Perkembangan Motorik Anak Usia Dini: Systematic Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61104/dz.v4i1.5683Keywords:
Lingkungan belajar, perkembangan motorik, pendidikan anak usia dini, systematic literature review.Abstract
Perkembangan motorik pada anak usia dini merupakan fondasi kritis bagi pertumbuhan kognitif, sosial, dan fisik anak secara menyeluruh. Berbagai kajian terkini melaporkan tren penurunan kompetensi motorik dasar yang dikaitkan dengan kualitas lingkungan belajar yang tidak memadai. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi dan mensintesis bukti ilmiah terkini mengenai peran multidimensi lingkungan belajar dalam mendukung perkembangan motorik anak usia dini. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan Systematic Literature Review (SLR) dengan panduan PRISMA 2020. Penelusuran dilakukan pada tiga basis data, yaitu SINTA, Scopus, dan Google Scholar, dengan rentang publikasi 2021 sampai 2025. Dari 207 artikel yang teridentifikasi, sebanyak 15 artikel memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan disintesis secara naratif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lingkungan belajar berperan melalui empat dimensi yang saling terintegrasi: dimensi fisik, pedagogis, sosial, dan naturalistik. Lingkungan fisik yang stimulatif, aktivitas terstruktur berbasis tujuan, kompetensi guru sebagai mediator, serta pemanfaatan alam sebagai media belajar terbukti secara konsisten mendukung perkembangan motorik kasar maupun halus anak usia dini. Lingkungan belajar yang optimal bagi perkembangan motorik anak usia dini bersifat multidimensi dan memerlukan integrasi sinergis antara aspek fisik, pedagogis, sosial, dan naturalistik. Perancangan lingkungan belajar yang responsif dan berbasis bukti merupakan intervensi strategis yang perlu diprioritaskan dalam kebijakan dan praktik pendidikan anak usia dini.
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