Pergeseran Perlindungan Hak Korban dalam Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Acara Pidana: Perspektif Epistemic Injustice dan Victim-Center Approach
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61104/alz.v4i3.6783Keywords:
Pergeseran, Pelindungan Hak Korban, Restorative Justice, Epistemic Injustice, Victim-Center ApproachAbstract
Artikel ini hendak menganalisis pengaturan korban dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2025 Tentang Hukum Acara Pidana (KUHAP). Pengaturan korban dalam KUHAP mengarah pada diskursus substansial terkait dengan pergeseran perlindungan korban. Artikel ini bertujuan menganalisis apakah pengaturan korban tersebut secara substansi menggeser paradigma atau hanya menambahkan hak tanpa perubahan cara kerja institusi. Untuk menjawab pertanyaan tersebut, artikel ini menggunakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan (Statute Approach) dan Pendekatan Konsep (Conceptual Approach). Selain KUHAP, konsep-konsep seperti restorative justice, epistemic injustice maupun victim-center approach yang digunakan dalam tulisan ini mengungkapkan bahwa pengaturan korban dalam KUHAP belum otomatis menghapus bias kelembagaan dalam pembuktian, pemeriksaan, penilaian kredibilitas, dan penanganan perkara. Selain itu, masuknya keadilan restoratif ke dalam KUHAP baru harus dipahami sebagai kemungkinan normatif yang memerlukan safeguards kelembagaan yang kuat, bukan sebagai solusi instan. Oleh karena demikian, artikel ini menegaskan bahwa perlindungan yang maksimal terhadap korban tidak ditentukan oleh pengaturan normatif semata, namun sejauh mana sistem peradilan pidana mengubah dirinya menjadi lebih adil, lebih peka dan lebih dapat dipercaya oleh korban. Namun, KUHAP secara substansi telah menggeser perlindungan hak korban dalam sistem peradilan pidana.
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