Kepastian Hukum Pengaturan Tindak Pidana Narkotika Pasca Berlakunya Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61104/alz.v4i3.6032Keywords:
KUHP Nasional, Narkotika, Kepastian Hukum, Lex SpecialisAbstract
Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh reformasi penting dalam politik hukum pidana Indonesia pasca lahirnya Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP Nasional), yang turut memuat pengaturan tindak pidana narkotika. Kehadiran pengaturan tersebut menimbulkan pertanyaan mengenai kedudukan Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2009 tentang Narkotika (UU Narkotika) sebagai lex specialis serta implikasinya terhadap kepastian hukum. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaturan tindak pidana narkotika dalam KUHP Nasional, menilai hubungan normatifnya dengan UU Narkotika, dan mengkaji akibat yuridisnya terhadap kepastian hukum serta penegakan hukum. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach) melalui analisis deskriptif kualitatif atas bahan hukum primer dan sekunder, yakni KUHP Nasional, UU Narkotika, buku-buku dan artikel jurnal ilmiah hukum, serta beberapa sumber sekunder lain yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa KUHP Nasional tetap mengkriminalisasi perbuatan terkait narkotika melalui Pasal 609, Pasal 610, dan mekanisme peralihan dalam Pasal 622, sehingga sebagian norma UU Narkotika dicabut secara selektif. Kedudukan UU Narkotika tidak hilang sepenuhnya, tetapi bergeser karena sebagian pengaturannya telah diintegrasikan ke dalam KUHP Nasional. Kondisi ini berimplikasi pada potensi dualisme pengaturan, perbedaan penafsiran, dan tantangan dalam penerapan asas lex specialis. Meskipun demikian, pengaturan baru ini juga membuka peluang harmonisasi hukum pidana yang lebih sistematis. Pengaturan narkotika dalam KUHP Nasional merupakan reformasi normatif yang penting, tetapi keberhasilannya sangat bergantung pada harmonisasi dengan UU Narkotika dan konsistensi dalam mengimplementasikannya.
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