Aspek Hukum Pemanfaatan Sistem Pemerintahan Berbasis Elektronik (SPBE) Dalam Penyelenggaraan Administrasi Negara

Abstract

ABSTRAK
Pemanfaatan Sistem Pemerintahan Berbasis Elektronik (SPBE) merupakan bagian penting dalam reformasi birokrasi guna mewujudkan tata kelola pemerintahan yang efisien, efektif, transparan, dan akuntabel. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis posisi hukum SPBE dalam administrasi negara di Indonesia, mengkaji permasalahan hukum dalam implementasinya di Dinas Kependudukan dan Pencatatan Sipil Kota Medan, serta merumuskan upaya optimalisasi penerapannya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum empiris dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual, melalui studi literatur terhadap berbagai regulasi dan doktrin hukum. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan teori kepastian hukum, pemanfaatan hukum, dan efektivitas hukum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara normatif, SPBE memiliki dasar hukum yang kuat melalui Peraturan Presiden Nomor 95 Tahun 2018 dan Undang-Undang Nomor 24 Tahun 2013. Namun, implementasinya masih menghadapi kendala berupa keterbatasan infrastruktur teknologi, rendahnya literasi digital masyarakat, kekurangan sumber daya manusia, serta masih adanya antrean layanan langsung. Berdasarkan teori efektivitas hukum, penerapan SPBE dinilai efektif secara normatif dan struktural, tetapi belum optimal secara sosiologis. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan peningkatan kapasitas sumber daya manusia, sosialisasi literasi digital, penguatan kebijakan internal, serta komitmen pimpinan untuk mendukung keberlanjutan layanan administrasi berbasis elektronik.

Kata Kunci: SPBE, Administrasi Negara, Kepastian Hukum, Efektivitas Hukum, Disdukcapil Kota Medan

ABSTRACT
The implementation of the Electronic-Based Government System (SPBE) constitutes an essential component of bureaucratic reform aimed at achieving governance that is efficient, effective, transparent, and accountable. This study seeks to analyze the legal position of SPBE in state administration in Indonesia, examine the legal issues arising from its implementation at the Population and Civil Registration Office (Disdukcapil) of Medan City, and formulate strategies to optimize its application. The research method employed is empirical legal research using a statutory approach and a conceptual approach, conducted through literature studies on various laws and legal doctrines. The analysis is carried out using the theories of legal certainty, legal utility, and legal effectiveness. The findings indicate that, from a normative perspective, SPBE has a strong legal foundation as stipulated in Presidential Regulation Number 95 of 2018 and Law Number 24 of 2013. However, its implementation still faces several challenges, including limited technological infrastructure, low levels of public digital literacy, insufficient human resources, and the persistence of long queues for in-person services despite the availability of online services. Based on the theory of legal effectiveness, the implementation of SPBE is considered effective from normative and structural perspectives, but not yet optimal from a sociological standpoint. Therefore, efforts are needed to enhance human resource capacity, increase public digital literacy awareness, strengthen internal policies, and ensure consistent leadership commitment to support the sustainability of electronic-based administrative services.

Keywords: SPBE, State Administration, Legal Certainty, Legal Effectiveness, Population and Civil Registration Office of Medan City