Ganjaran dan Hukuman Dalam Pendidikan Islam
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61104/alz.v3i5.2441Keywords:
Pendidikan Islam, Ganjaran, Hukuman, Karakter, MotivaAbstract
Pendidikan Islam menempatkan ganjaran (thawāb) dan hukuman (‘uqūbah) bukan sekadar alat pengendalian perilaku, tetapi sebagai instrumen pembentukan moral dan spiritual peserta didik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menjelaskan makna dan prinsip ganjaran serta hukuman dalam pendidikan Islam, menelusuri dasar normatifnya dalam Al-Qur’an dan hadis, serta menautkannya dengan teori psikologi dan pedagogi modern. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui kajian pustaka normatif (library research) dengan sumber primer berupa Al-Qur’an, hadis, serta karya ulama klasik dan kontemporer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan ganjaran dan hukuman secara seimbang selaras dengan nilai keadilan dan kasih sayang yang diajarkan Islam, serta berkesesuaian dengan teori psikologi modern seperti Self-Determination Theory dan Restorative Discipline. Ganjaran menumbuhkan motivasi intrinsik dan rasa syukur, sedangkan hukuman mendidik melalui kesadaran moral dan refleksi diri. Implikasi penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa pendidikan Islam yang mengintegrasikan spiritualitas, moralitas, dan psikologi modern akan melahirkan sistem pembelajaran yang manusiawi, berkeadilan, dan berorientasi pada pembentukan insan kamil.
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