Analisis Yuridis Terhadap Fenomena Overstayer Di Indonesia Dalam Menempuh Refugee Status Determination
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61104/alz.v3i6.2131Keywords:
Izin Tinggal, Pengungsi, UNHCRAbstract
Fenomena overstayer yang secara strategis memanfaatkan prosedur Refugee Status Determination (RSD) di Indonesia. Meskipun Indonesia menampung lebih dari 12.000 pengungsi sebagai negara transit, kerangka hukumnya masih belum komprehensif, menciptakan celah yang memungkinkan penyalahgunaan. Permasalahan utama terletak pada ketegangan normatif antara Pasal 78 Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2011 tentang Keimigrasian, yang mengatur penegakan hukum bagi overstayer, dan Peraturan Direktur Jenderal Imigrasi IMI-0352.GR.02.07-2016, yang memberikan pengecualian bagi pengungsi. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan hukum normatif dan analisis deskriptif analitis, penelitian ini mengidentifikasi bahwa konflik regulasi ini berbenturan dengan tiga tujuan hukum yakni kepastian hukum, keadilan, dan kemanfaatan. Penegakan hukum yang tidak tegas mengikis kepastian hukum dan kemanfaatan, sementara prinsip keadilan dikorbankan. Selain itu, penelitian menemukan kelemahan prosedural dalam mekanisme resettlement yang bersifat sukarela, serta ketiadaan koordinasi yang efektif dan pertukaran data antara Direktorat Jenderal Imigrasi dan UNHCR. Kerangka hukum Indonesia saat ini belum mampu menyeimbangkan kedaulatan negara dengan kewajiban perlindungan kemanusiaan. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan reformasi regulasi, peningkatan koordinasi antar-lembaga, dan optimalisasi prosedur RSD untuk mengatasi celah hukum dan prosedural yang ada.
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