Pola Komunikasi dan Perilaku Pengguna Media Sosial: A Systematic Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61104/alz.v4i2.5438Keywords:
Pola Komunikasi, Perilaku Pengguna, Media Sosial, Literasi Digital, Kesehatan Mental.Abstract
Perkembangan platform social media telah mengubah pola komunikasi manusia secara mendasar, mendorong kebutuhan untuk memahami dinamika interaksi dan perilaku penggunanya secara lebih komprehensif. Penelitian ini bertujuan mensintesis berbagai temuan empiris mengenai pola komunikasi dan perilaku pengguna media sosial melalui pendekatan Systematic Literature Review (SLR). Pencarian literatur dilakukan pada basis data Google Scholar, Scopus, dan Web of Science dengan rentang publikasi 2021-2025, menghasilkan 12 artikel final yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi berdasarkan protokol PRISMA. Hasil kajian mengungkapkan bahwa pola komunikasi pengguna sangat dipengaruhi oleh format konten, karakteristik platform, dan motivasi personal. Perilaku pengguna terbagi menjadi kategori aktif dan pasif yang masing-masing membawa dampak psikososial berbeda; penggunaan pasif cenderung memperburuk kesehatan mental, sementara penggunaan aktif yang terarah memberikan manfaat nyata. Perbandingan sosial (social comparison) terbukti menjadi mekanisme utama yang menghubungkan intensitas penggunaan dengan penurunan self-esteem. Konteks situasional seperti pandemi dan lingkungan akademik turut memoderasi dinamika komunikasi digital. Penelitian ini menegaskan perlunya pendekatan multidisiplin dalam memahami ekosistem media sosial serta pentingnya literasi digital untuk mendorong penggunaan yang lebih sehat dan produktif.
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