Analisis Dan Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Korban Tindak Kriminal Yang Melakukan Pembelaan Diri
Berdasarkan KUHP Pasal 49
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61104/alz.v3i3.1935Keywords:
Perlindungan hukum, korban tindak pidana, pembelaan diri, Pasal 49 KUHPAbstract
Perlindungan hukum terhadap korban tindak pidana yang melakukan pembelaan diri merupakan isu krusial dalam sistem peradilan pidana Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis penerapan Pasal 49 KUHP dalam melindungi korban yang menggunakan hak pembelaan diri, mengidentifikasi kendala penegakannya, dan merumuskan rekomendasi kebijakan untuk mencegah kriminalisasi korban. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan kasus, serta menganalisis putusan pengadilan, doktrin hukum, dan literatur akademik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya ketidakkonsistenan penafsiran aparat penegak hukum mengenai batasan noodweer dan noodweer exces, yang berdampak pada potensi kriminalisasi terhadap korban yang bertindak proporsional. Disparitas putusan pengadilan juga ditemukan akibat ketiadaan pedoman teknis yang jelas, sehingga hak korban kerap terabaikan. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan reformasi kebijakan hukum pidana, penguatan pedoman teknis Pasal 49 KUHP, serta penerapan prinsip keadilan restoratif sebagai upaya menjamin perlindungan korban secara adil dan proporsional
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