Sistem Peradilan Mahkamah Agung di Indonesia: Struktur, Kewenangan, dan Efektivitas Penegakan Hukum
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61104/alz.v3i4.1921Keywords:
Mahkamah Agung; Kasasi; Peninjauan Kembali; Judicial ReviewAbstract
Mahkamah Agung (MA) sebagai puncak peradilan memegang peran kunci menjaga keseragaman penerapan hukum dan keadilan substantif dalam kerangka rule of law. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis struktur, kewenangan, dan efektivitas penegakan hukum oleh MA sekaligus merumuskan rekomendasi reformasi berbasis praktik baik internasional. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan yuridis normatif melalui telaah sumber hukum primer (UUD 1945, UU 48/2009, UU 14/1985 beserta perubahannya, putusan MA) dan sumber sekunder, dianalisis secara kualitatif-deskriptif. Hasil menunjukkan fungsi yudisial dan non-yudisial MA beroperasi di tengah tantangan case backlog, variabilitas kualitas putusan, dan adopsi digital yang belum merata; digitalisasi end-to-end (e-court, e-litigation), case filtering berbasis kepentingan publik, penguatan integritas hakim, serta harmonisasi regulasi efektif menekan backlog dan meningkatkan konsistensi yurisprudensi. Implikasi kebijakan menekankan tata kelola berbasis bukti, keterbukaan putusan, manajemen perkara berbantuan analitik/AI, dan kolaborasi antarlembaga (MA, MK, KY, APH) untuk memperkuat legitimasi peradilan serta memperluas akses keadilan
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